The Mystery of Nanotechnology At the nanoscale, materials can be "tuned" to display some unusual properties that could be exploited to build faster, lighter, stronger, and more efficient devices and systems. The science involves the manipulation of atoms and molecules to give devices and materials novel properties. Tiny carbon nanotubes can be used to make strong composite materials. SOME CURRENT NANO USES Disk drives with nanometre layers to increase data storage Lipid (fat) globules for anti-cancer drug delivery Stain repellent/waterproof textiles Anti-fungal sprays and fabrics Novel coatings, paints and pigments Source: Inst of Nanotechnology SOME POTENTIAL USES OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) for displays Photovoltaic film that converts light into electricity Scratch-proof coated windows that clean themselves with UV Fabrics coated to resist stains and control temperature Intelligent clothing measures pulse and respiration Bucky-tubeframe is light but very strong Hip-joint made from biocompatible material Nano-particle paint to prevent corrosion Thermo-chromic glass to regulate light Magnetic layers for compact data memory Carbon nanotube fuel cells to power electronics and vehicles Nano-engineered cochlear implant But the science has been dogged by a lot of hype and some predictions that experts in the field say are just pure fantasy. The most infamous of these is the "gray goo" scenario. This envisages swarms of self-replicating robots, smaller than viruses, multiplying uncontrollably and devouring Earth, turning it into a gray mush. The idea has been featured by popular writers, and it received much publicity when Prince Charles entered the nanotech debate recently. Eric Drexler, who many consider to be a "father of nanotechnology", recently downplayed the scenario, saying nanomachines that self-replicate are unlikely ever to enter widespread use. The risks and benefits in pursuing the tiny science of nanotechnology will be assessed in a report due soon. The Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering have reviewed the current UK status of this developing research field and will propose new regulations. Concerns over nanotech's potential to harm human health and the environment were voiced recently by Prince Charles. It is thought the report will call for tighter controls on the production of some super-fine particles. These are already being incorporated into a number cosmetics and composite materials to improve their performance. There is a worry, however, that the possible toxicity of these nanoparticles has not been fully explored. Commissioned in June 2003, the independent study has sought to identify the potential environmental, health and safety, as well as ethical and social impacts of nanotechnology. Advocates say it could transform computing, electronics, medical research, and the energy industries in many ways. The most significant advances people will see is in the medical diagnostic area. But there have been calls for more regulation, particularly over the industrial development of the science by large corporations. COMING SOON: We will soon conduct a poll in the next issue to survey how many people have an understanding of what nanotechnology is about. Please send your comments to editor@medicineandbiotech.com Staff Contributor, MedicineandBiotech.com